Citric Acid Monohydrate
High Solubility: Citric acid monohydrate dissolves easily in water and ethanol, ensuring fast and efficient use in various formulations.
Stable and Recognizable Physical Form: It appears as clear crystals or uniform granules, making it easy to handle, store, and process.
Strong Acidic Performance: With a pronounced sour taste and strong reactivity, it is highly effective in acidification, chelation, and chemical reactions.
Well-Defined Thermal Properties: Its specific melting point and clear transformation behavior provide predictable performance during heating and processing.
Citric acid monohydrate generally appears as white, transparent or semi-transparent crystals, and may also be found in granular or powdered form. It is odorless, exhibits a pronounced sour taste with a mild astringent note, and contains about 8.58% crystal water. Its melting point ranges from 70 to 75 °C, with a relative density of 1.542 at 20 °C. When exposed to dry air for extended periods, it tends to effloresce as the water of crystallization is gradually lost. The crystals have an orthorhombic prismatic structure, and the critical temperature for conversion to anhydrous citric acid is 36.6 ± 0.15 °C. It dissolves readily in water, is soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in ether, and insoluble in benzene, toluene, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, and fatty acids. As a strong acid, it readily reacts with a wide range of substances such as acids, bases, glycerol, salts, and metal ions, and it decomposes into various products when heated.
Citric Acid Monohydrate Chemical Properties
Melting point | -94 °C(lit.) |
Boiling point | 56 °C760 mm Hg(lit.) |
density | 0.791 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
vapor density | 2 (vs air) |
vapor pressure | 184 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
refractive index | n20/D 1.359(lit.) |
Fp | 1 °F |
storage temp. | no restrictions. |
solubility | Citric Acid Monohydrate is very soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol and sparingly soluble in ether. |
pka | 3.138, 4.76, 6.401 |
form | Solid |
Specific Gravity | 0.810 (20/4℃) |
color | White |
PH | 1.85 (50g/l, H2O, 25℃) |
Odor | Typical, practically odorless |
Water Solubility | 1630 g/L (20 oC) ;H2O: soluble 54% (w/w) at 10°C (Citric acid in water) |
Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
Merck | 14,2326 |
BRN | 4018641 |
Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, bases, reducing agents, nitrates. |
InChIKey | YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS DataBase Reference | 5949-29-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
NIST Chemistry Reference | Citric acid monohydrate(5949-29-1) |
EPA Substance Registry System | 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, hydrate (1:1) (5949-29-1) |
Safety Information
Hazard Codes | F,Xi |
Risk Statements | 11-36-66-67-41-36/37/38-37/38 |
Safety Statements | 9-16-26-37/39-36/37/39-36 |
RIDADR | UN 1090 3/PG 2 |
WGK Germany | 1 |
RTECS | AL3150000 |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 29181400 |
Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 3000 mg/kg |
Applications of Citric Acid Monohydrate (CAS No. 5949-29-1)
Citric acid monohydrate is widely applied in the food and beverage industry as an acidulant, flavor enhancer, preservative, and freshness-maintaining agent. Beyond food use, it also serves important functions in the chemical, cosmetics, and detergent industries, where it is used as an antioxidant, plasticizer, and cleaning component. Overall, citric acid monohydrate has a broad range of applications, including water quality adjustment, enhancement of biological immunity, and support of growth promotion.
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