Ethanol CAS# 71-23-8
Versatile Solvent ： 1-Propanol is widely used as a solvent in various industrial applications due to its strong solvency.
Chemical Reactivity ： Its hydroxyl group allows it to participate in chemical reactions similar to ethanol, making it useful for organic synthesis.
Industrial Production Flexibility ： Can be produced via multiple methods, including reaction of ethylene with carbon monoxide and hydrogen, hydration of propylene, or catalytic hydrogenation of acetone.
Clear, Stable Liquid ： Appears as a colorless, transparent liquid at room temperature and standard pressure, facilitating handling and formulation.
1-Propanol is a compound in which a hydrogen atom in a propane molecule is replaced by a hydroxyl group. Because the hydroxyl group can replace hydrogen atoms on either terminal carbon or the central carbon, two isomers are formed: n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. Its chemical properties are similar to those of ethanol. It can be produced as a byproduct during methanol synthesis from carbon monoxide and hydrogen. At room temperature and standard pressure, 1-propanol appears as a colorless, transparent liquid with a characteristic odor. Industrially, it is produced via the reaction of ethylene, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen under high pressure using a cobalt catalyst, or alternatively through the hydration of propylene in the presence of sulfuric acid, or by catalytic hydrogenation of acetone. It is widely used as a solvent but can be irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. Inhalation of propanol vapor may cause dizziness, headache, and nausea.
1-Propanol Chemical Properties
Melting point | -127 °C(lit.) |
Boiling point | 97 °C(lit.) |
density | 0.804 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
vapor density | 2.1 (vs air) |
vapor pressure | 10 mm Hg ( 147 °C) |
FEMA | 2928 | PROPYL ALCOHOL |
refractive index | n20/D 1.384(lit.) |
Fp | 59 °F |
storage temp. | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
solubility | H2O: passes test |
form | Liquid |
pka | >14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993) |
color | <10(APHA) |
Odor | Resembles that of ethyl alcohol. |
Relative polarity | 0.617 |
PH | 7 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
explosive limit | 2.1-19.2%(V) |
Odor Threshold | 0.094ppm |
Odor Type | alcoholic |
Water Solubility | soluble |
λmax | λ: 220 nm Amax: ≤0.40 |
Merck | 14,7842 |
JECFA Number | 82 |
BRN | 1098242 |
Henry's Law Constant | 6.75 (static headspace-GC, Merk and Riederer, 1997) |
Exposure limits | TLV-TWA (200 ppm); (500 mg/m3); STEL 250 ppm (625 mg/m3); IDLH 4000 ppm. |
Dielectric constant | 20.1（25℃） |
Stability: | Stable. May form peroxides in contact with air. Incompatible with alkali metals, alkaline earths, aluminium, oxidizing agents, nitro compounds. Highly flammable. Vapour/air mixtures explosive. |
LogP | 0.33 |
CAS DataBase Reference | 71-23-8(CAS DataBase Reference) |
NIST Chemistry Reference | 1-Propanol(71-23-8) |
EPA Substance Registry System | 1-Propanol (71-23-8) |
Safety Information
Hazard Codes | F,Xi |
Risk Statements | 11-41-67 |
Safety Statements | 7-16-24-26-39 |
RIDADR | UN 1274 3/PG 2 |
OEB | A |
OEL | TWA: 200 ppm (500 mg/m3), STEL: 250 ppm (625 mg/m3) [skin] |
WGK Germany | 1 |
RTECS | UH8225000 |
F | 10-23 |
Autoignition Temperature | 700 °F |
TSCA | Yes |
HazardClass | 3 |
PackingGroup | II |
HS Code | 29051200 |
Hazardous Substances Data | 71-23-8(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 1.87 g/kg (Smyth) |
IDLA | 800 ppm |
Product Usage
Propanols are primarily used as solvents in coatings, antifreeze formulations, and various household and personal care products. They also serve as chemical intermediates in the production of esters, amines, and other organic derivatives. Specifically, 1-propanol is widely employed as a solvent in printing inks, paints, cosmetics, pesticides, cellulose esters, and insecticides.
Additionally, 1-propanol is commercially used to produce glycol ethers, which are valued for their dual functionality, providing high solvency, chemical stability, and compatibility with water.
